import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel('census.xlsx')
df.head()
| age | workclass | fnlwgt | education | education_num | marital_status | occupation | relationship | race | sex | capital_gain | capital_loss | hours_per_week | native_country | income |
|---|
| 0 | 39 | State-gov | 77516 | Bachelors | 13 | Never-married | Adm-clerical | Not-in-family | White | Male | 2174 | 0 | 40 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 1 | 50 | Self-emp-not-inc | 83311 | Bachelors | 13 | Married-civ-spouse | Exec-managerial | Husband | White | Male | 0 | 0 | 13 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 2 | 38 | Private | 215646 | HS-grad | 9 | Divorced | Handlers-cleaners | Not-in-family | White | Male | 0 | 0 | 40 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 3 | 53 | Private | 234721 | 11th | 7 | Married-civ-spouse | Handlers-cleaners | Husband | Black | Male | 0 | 0 | 40 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 4 | 28 | Private | 338409 | Bachelors | 13 | Married-civ-spouse | Prof-specialty | Wife | Black | Female | 0 | 0 | 40 | Cuba | <=50K |
|---|
인덱스
df.index
RangeIndex(start=0, stop=32561, step=1)
.loc과 .iloc
.loc: 판다스 인덱스 기준
.iloc: 순서 기준으로
df.loc[0]
age 39
workclass State-gov
fnlwgt 77516
education Bachelors
education_num 13
marital_status Never-married
occupation Adm-clerical
relationship Not-in-family
race White
sex Male
capital_gain 2174
capital_loss 0
hours_per_week 40
native_country United-States
income <=50K
Name: 0, dtype: object
df.iloc[0]
age 39
workclass State-gov
fnlwgt 77516
education Bachelors
education_num 13
marital_status Never-married
occupation Adm-clerical
relationship Not-in-family
race White
sex Male
capital_gain 2174
capital_loss 0
hours_per_week 40
native_country United-States
income <=50K
Name: 0, dtype: object
정렬을 하면 12318번 행이 제일 처음(0번째)에 나옴
df.sort_values('age').head()
| age | workclass | fnlwgt | education | education_num | marital_status | occupation | relationship | race | sex | capital_gain | capital_loss | hours_per_week | native_country | income |
|---|
| 12318 | 17 | Private | 127366 | 11th | 7 | Never-married | Sales | Own-child | White | Female | 0 | 0 | 8 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 6312 | 17 | Private | 132755 | 11th | 7 | Never-married | Sales | Own-child | White | Male | 0 | 0 | 15 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 30927 | 17 | Private | 108470 | 11th | 7 | Never-married | Other-service | Own-child | Black | Male | 0 | 0 | 17 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 12787 | 17 | Local-gov | 308901 | 11th | 7 | Never-married | Adm-clerical | Own-child | White | Female | 0 | 0 | 15 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 25755 | 17 | ? | 47407 | 11th | 7 | Never-married | ? | Own-child | White | Male | 0 | 0 | 10 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
df.sort_values('age').loc[0]
age 39
workclass State-gov
fnlwgt 77516
education Bachelors
education_num 13
marital_status Never-married
occupation Adm-clerical
relationship Not-in-family
race White
sex Male
capital_gain 2174
capital_loss 0
hours_per_week 40
native_country United-States
income <=50K
Name: 0, dtype: object
df.sort_values('age').iloc[0]
age 17
workclass Private
fnlwgt 127366
education 11th
education_num 7
marital_status Never-married
occupation Sales
relationship Own-child
race White
sex Female
capital_gain 0
capital_loss 0
hours_per_week 8
native_country United-States
income <=50K
Name: 12318, dtype: object
행과 열 모두 가리키기
df.loc[0, 'age']
39
df.iloc[0, 0]
39
문자열로 된 인덱스
import numpy as np
am = df.groupby('race').agg({'age': np.mean, 'education_num': np.mean})
am
| age | education_num |
|---|
| race | | |
|---|
| Amer-Indian-Eskimo | 37.173633 | 9.311897 |
|---|
| Asian-Pac-Islander | 37.746872 | 10.960539 |
|---|
| Black | 37.767926 | 9.486236 |
|---|
| Other | 33.457565 | 8.841328 |
|---|
| White | 38.769881 | 10.135246 |
|---|
am.loc['Black', 'age']
37.7679257362356
am.iloc[2, 0]
37.7679257362356
슬라이싱
.loc은 Python의 일반적인 인덱싱과 달리 5:7이라고 하면 5, 6, 7을 모두 포함한다.
df.loc[5:7]
| age | workclass | fnlwgt | education | education_num | marital_status | occupation | relationship | race | sex | capital_gain | capital_loss | hours_per_week | native_country | income |
|---|
| 5 | 37 | Private | 284582 | Masters | 14 | Married-civ-spouse | Exec-managerial | Wife | White | Female | 0 | 0 | 40 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 6 | 49 | Private | 160187 | 9th | 5 | Married-spouse-absent | Other-service | Not-in-family | Black | Female | 0 | 0 | 16 | Jamaica | <=50K |
|---|
| 7 | 52 | Self-emp-not-inc | 209642 | HS-grad | 9 | Married-civ-spouse | Exec-managerial | Husband | White | Male | 0 | 0 | 45 | United-States | >50K |
|---|
df.loc[5:7, 'age':'education']
| age | workclass | fnlwgt | education |
|---|
| 5 | 37 | Private | 284582 | Masters |
|---|
| 6 | 49 | Private | 160187 | 9th |
|---|
| 7 | 52 | Self-emp-not-inc | 209642 | HS-grad |
|---|
.iloc은 Python의 일반적인 인덱싱과 마찬가지로 5:7이라고 하면 6까지만 포함하고 7은 포함하지 않는다.
df.iloc[5:7]
| age | workclass | fnlwgt | education | education_num | marital_status | occupation | relationship | race | sex | capital_gain | capital_loss | hours_per_week | native_country | income |
|---|
| 5 | 37 | Private | 284582 | Masters | 14 | Married-civ-spouse | Exec-managerial | Wife | White | Female | 0 | 0 | 40 | United-States | <=50K |
|---|
| 6 | 49 | Private | 160187 | 9th | 5 | Married-spouse-absent | Other-service | Not-in-family | Black | Female | 0 | 0 | 16 | Jamaica | <=50K |
|---|
df.iloc[5:7,0:4]
| age | workclass | fnlwgt | education |
|---|
| 5 | 37 | Private | 284582 | Masters |
|---|
| 6 | 49 | Private | 160187 | 9th |
|---|
실습
-
education_num 순으로 정렬을 해보세요
-
위의 정렬한 데이터에서 첫 100명(0~99)을 뽑아보세요
-
위에서 뽑은 사람들의 age의 평균을 구해보세요.
df.sort_values('education_num').iloc[0:100].agg({'age': np.mean})
age 43.46
dtype: float64
무작위 고르기
df['age'].mean()
38.58164675532078
df.sample(1000)['age'].mean()
38.384
인덱스 바꾸기
d1 = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': [4, 5, 6]})
d1
특정 컬럼을 set_index를 이용해 인덱스로 바꿀 수 있다.
d2 = d1.set_index('b')
d2
d2.loc[4]
a 1
Name: 4, dtype: int64
reset_index를 하면 자동으로 0, 1, 2, ...으로 인덱스가 붙는다.
d2.reset_index()
수동 지정
d3 = d1.copy()
d3.index = ['x', 'y', 'z']
d3
멀티 인덱스
d4 = d1.copy()
d4.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('x', 1), ('x', 2), ('y', 1)])
d4
groupby를 할 때 결과가 멀티 인덱스 형태가 되는 경우가 많음
result = df.groupby(['race', 'sex']).agg({'age': [np.mean, np.median]})
result
| | age |
|---|
| | mean | median |
|---|
| race | sex | | |
|---|
| Amer-Indian-Eskimo | Female | 37.117647 | 36 |
|---|
| Male | 37.208333 | 35 |
|---|
| Asian-Pac-Islander | Female | 35.089595 | 33 |
|---|
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
|---|
| Other | Male | 34.654321 | 32 |
|---|
| White | Female | 36.811618 | 35 |
|---|
| Male | 39.652498 | 38 |
|---|
10 rows × 2 columns
멀티 인덱스는 (a, b, c, ..) 순으로 표시
result.loc[('White', 'Female')]
age mean 36.811618
median 35.000000
Name: (White, Female), dtype: float64
result[('age', 'median')]
race sex
Amer-Indian-Eskimo Female 36
Male 35
Asian-Pac-Islander Female 33
..
Other Male 32
White Female 35
Male 38
Name: (age, median), Length: 10, dtype: int64